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The proposed presentation will give an overview of a mechanically deployable entry system concept development with a comprehensive summary of the ground tests and design development completed to-date, and current plans for a small...
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The proposed presentation will give an overview of a mechanically deployable entry system concept development with a comprehensive summary of the ground tests and design development completed to-date, and current plans for a small-scale flight test in the near future.
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Freeway congestion is a major problem of the transportation system, resulting in major economic loss in terms of traffic delays and fuel costs. With connected vehicle (CV) technologies, more proactive traffic management strategies...
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Freeway congestion is a major problem of the transportation system, resulting in major economic loss in terms of traffic delays and fuel costs. With connected vehicle (CV) technologies, more proactive traffic management strategies are possible. The Freeway Merge Assistance System (FMAS) can implement innovative ramp management strategies by providing personalized advisories to individual drivers to ensure smoother merging. The benefits anticipated from these strategies will completely depend on the advisory compliance of the drivers; this, in turn, will be influenced by situational as well as individual behavioral factors. The purpose of this research was to investigate drivers’ responses to this new generation of personalized in-vehicle advisory messages. A field test was conducted with na?ve human subjects to collect driver behavior data about different types of advisory messages under different traffic scenarios in a controlled environment. The data gathered from the field test indicated that the compliance rate was higher when a large- or medium-size gap was available for a lane change. The lowest compliance rate was observed for a small-gap scenario. In addition, it was discovered that more drivers would follow a direct advisory message that advised a lane change rather than an indirect message which was meant to stimulate a lane change through speed control.
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Dynamic message signs (DMSs) are widely used to deliver traveler information. While these have proven to be effective, key limitations exist: (1) the locations of DMSs are fixed, (2) reading a DMS message is distracting to drivers...
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Dynamic message signs (DMSs) are widely used to deliver traveler information. While these have proven to be effective, key limitations exist: (1) the locations of DMSs are fixed, (2) reading a DMS message is distracting to drivers, and (3) installation and maintenance of DMSs is expensive. To address these limitations, a smartphone-based virtual DMS (VDMS) application was developed in the first round of Connected Vehicle/Infrastructure University Transportation Center (CVI-UTC) projects. This application used smartphones to provide audible “reading” of DMS messages to drivers. This project built upon previous work to develop a more advanced, second generation of the VDMS system, that is fully integrated in the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) environment of the Virginia Connected Vehicle Test Bed. The highlights of the enhanced VDMS system include (1) use of four of 40+ DSRC-based roadside equipment units (RSEs) on the Virginia Connected Vehicle Test Bed, and (2) software (VDMS Manager) that has the capability to virtually “build” new DMSs and to create modified and new messages for those DMSs. To evaluate the VDMS system as an information dissemination tool to support advanced traffic management, operational testing (including three surveys, entrance, post-incident, and exit) was carried out with actual operators at the McConnell Public Safety and Traffic Operations Center. It was observed that operators preferred the VDMS system due to its capability of providing more detailed and customized messages at more appropriate locations for motorists.
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This presentation discusses current efforts to develop a Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements (WISM). The objective of the effort are as follows: to advance the utility of a wideband active and passive instrument (8-40 gigahe...
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This presentation discusses current efforts to develop a Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements (WISM). The objective of the effort are as follows: to advance the utility of a wideband active and passive instrument (8-40 gigahertz) to support the snow science community; improve snow measurements through advanced calibration and expanded frequency of active and passive sensors; demonstrate science utility through airborne retrievals of snow water equivalent (SWE); and advance the technology readiness of broadband current sheet array (CSA) antenna technology for spaceflight applications.
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Sagebrush steppe is one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Intermountain West. Prior to Euro-American settlement, sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the upper Columbia Basin extended across the eastern half of Washington and Ore...
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Sagebrush steppe is one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Intermountain West. Prior to Euro-American settlement, sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the upper Columbia Basin extended across the eastern half of Washington and Oregon, and the northern Great Basin of southern Idaho. Substantial portions of the region have been converted to agriculture and heavily grazed rangeland. Much of the remaining sagebrush steppe has been degraded through altered fire regimes and invasion of introduced plants. Historic and current land use practices continue to fragment and alter steppe ecosystems and predicted climate change scenarios for the region could exacerbate these changes.
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Symptoms and illness reported from the Gulf War era are a cause of potential concern for those military members who have deployed to the Gulf region in support of contingency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This study quantifi...
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Symptoms and illness reported from the Gulf War era are a cause of potential concern for those military members who have deployed to the Gulf region in support of contingency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This study quantified self-reported symptoms from Millennium Cohort participants, enrolled in a prospective study representing all US service branches, active duty and Reserve/Guard components, from 2001-2008. Self-reported symptoms were uniquely compared to a cohort from the 1991 Gulf War to gain context for the current report. Symptoms were then aggregated to identify cases of chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. The prevalence of self-reported CMI symptoms was compared to those from a study population of US Seabees from the 1991 Gulf War collected in 1997-1999, as well as deployed and non-deployed subgroups. Although overall symptom reporting was much less than in the 1991 Gulf War cohort, increased CMI reporting was noted among deployed compared to non-deployed contemporary Cohort members. An increased understanding of coping skills and resilience, and well-designed screening instruments, along with appropriate clinical and psychological follow-up for returning veterans, may help to focus resources on early identification of potential longterm chronic disease manifestations.
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Background. The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have exposed thousands of service members to intense stress, and as a result, many have developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of military deployment exper...
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Background. The recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have exposed thousands of service members to intense stress, and as a result, many have developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of military deployment experiences and PTSD in coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well defined, especially in young US service members with recent combat exposure. Methods and Results. We conducted a prospective cohort study to investigate the relationships between wartime experiences, PTSD, and CHD. Current and former US military personnel from all service branches participating in the Millennium Cohort Study during 2001 to 2008 (n=60 025) were evaluated for newly self-reported CHD. Electronic medical record review for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for CHD was conducted among a subpopulation of active duty members (n=23794). Logistic regression models examined the associations between combat experiences and PTSD with CHD with adjustment for established CHD risk factors. A total of 627 participants (1.0%) newly reported CHD over an average of 5.6 years of follow-up. Deployers with combat experiences had an increased odds of newly reporting CHD (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 2.40) and having a diagnosis code for new-onset CHD (odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 2.84) compared with noncombat deployers. Screening positive for PTSD symptoms was associated with self-reported CHD before but not after adjustment for depression and anxiety and was not associated with a new diagnosis code for CHD. Conclusions. Combat deployments are associated with new-onset CHD among young US service members and veterans. Experiences of intense stress may increase the risk for CHD over a relatively short period among young adults.
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Combat exposure is known to increase the risk for mental disorders; however, less is known about the temporal relationship between mental disorders and alcohol misuse or smoking. To better understand these interrelationships, this...
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Combat exposure is known to increase the risk for mental disorders; however, less is known about the temporal relationship between mental disorders and alcohol misuse or smoking. To better understand these interrelationships, this study investigated mental disorders in association with hazardous drinking and cigarette smoking.
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Objectives: We assessed the effects of predeployment and deployment factors (e.g., combat experience) on dimensions of wellness following deployment. Methods: We included 10 228 Millennium Cohort Study participants who deployed in...
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Objectives: We assessed the effects of predeployment and deployment factors (e.g., combat experience) on dimensions of wellness following deployment. Methods: We included 10 228 Millennium Cohort Study participants who deployed in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Dimensions of wellness were measured using standardized instruments assessing physical health, mental health, and stress. Predictors of postdeployment wellness were assessed using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 10 228 study participants, 9.2% were categorized as most well postdeployment. In multivariable analysis, military factors significantly associated with being well included not experiencing combat, service branch (Air Force or Navy/Coast Guard vs Army), and occupation (combat specialist). Significant modifiable predeployment predictors of postdeployment wellness were detected, such as physical activity and body mass index. Conclusions: Experiencing combat was associated with being less well; however, those trained in combat appeared to be protected. Multiple modifiable factors associated with postdeployment wellness were identified, which can help inform medical and military leadership on potential strategies to ensure a well force.
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Background: Longitudinal cohort studies are highly valued in epidemiologic research for their ability to establish exposure-disease associations through known temporal sequences. A major challenge in cohort studies is recruiting i...
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Background: Longitudinal cohort studies are highly valued in epidemiologic research for their ability to establish exposure-disease associations through known temporal sequences. A major challenge in cohort studies is recruiting individual representatives of the targeted sample population to ensure the generalizability of the study s findings. Methods: We evaluated nearly 350,000 invited subjects (from 2004-2008) of the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study of the health of US military personnel, for factors prior to invitation associated with study enrollment. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized, adjusting for demographic and other confounders, to determine the associations between both deployment experience and prior healthcare utilization with enrollment into the study. Results: Study enrollment was significantly greater among those who deployed prior to and/or during the enrollment cycles or had at least one outpatient visit in the 12 months prior to invitation. Mental disorders and hospitalization for more than two days within the past year were associated with reduced odds of enrollment. Conclusions: These findings suggest differential enrollment by deployment experience and health status, and may help guide recruitment efforts in future studies.
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